The Winter's Tale

Let's Read one more interesting Story summarised by Merry Lamb and Charles Lamb from The William Shakespeare's Play The Winter's Tale.



Leontes, king of Sicily, and his queen, the beautiful and virtuous
Hermione, once lived in the greatest harmony together. So happy was
Leontes in the love of this excellent lady, that he had no wish

ungratified, except that he sometimes desired to see againagain, and to

present to his queen, his old companion and school-fellow, Polixenes,

king of Bohemia. Leontes and Polixenes were brought up together

from their infancy, but being, by the death of their fathers, called to

reign over their respective kingdoms, they had not met for many years,

though they frequently interchanged gifts, letters, and loving

embassies.

At length, after repeated invitations, Polixenes came from Bohemia to

the Sicilian court, to make his friend Leontes a visit.

At first this visit gave nothing but pleasure to Leontes.He

recommended the friend of his youth to the queen's particular

attention, and seemed in the presence of his dear friend and old

companion to have his felicity quite completed. They talked over old

times; their schooldays and their youthful pranks were remembered,

and recounted to Hermione, who always took a cheerful part in these

conversations.

When, after a long stay, Polixenes was preparing to depart, Hermione,

at the desire of her husband, joined her entreaties to his that Polixenes

would prolong his visit.And now began this good queen's sorrow; for Polixenes refusing to

stay at the request of Leontes, was won over by Hermione's gentle and

persuasive words to put off his departure for some weeks longer.

Upon this, although Leontes had so long known the integrity and

honourable principles of his friend Polixenes, as well as the excellent

disposition of his virtuous queen, he was seized with an ungovernable

jealousy. Every attention Hermione showed to Polixenes, though by

her husband's particular desire, and merely to please him, increased

the unfortunate king's jealousy; and from being a loving and a true

friend, and the best and fondest of husbands, Leontes became

suddenly a savage and inhuman monster. Sending for Camillo, one of

the lords of his court, and telling him of the suspicion he entertained,

he commanded him to poison Polixenes.

Camillo was a good man; and he, well knowing that the jealousy of

Leontes had not the slightest foundation in truth, instead of poisoning

Polixenes, acquainted him with the king his master's orders, and

agreed to escape with him out of the Sicilian dominions; and

Polixenes, with the assistance of Camillo, arrived safe in his own

kingdom of Bohemia, where Camillo lived from that time in the king's

court, and became the chief friend and favourite of Polixenes.

The flight of Polixenes enraged the jealous Leontes still more; he

went to the queen's apartment, where the good lady was sitting with

her little son Mamillius, who was just beginning to tell one of his best

stories to amuse his mother, when the king entered, and taking the

child away, sent Hermione to prison.

Mamillius, though but a very young child, loved his mother tenderly;

and when he saw her so dishonoured, and found she was taken from

him to be put into a prison, he took it deeply to heart, and drooped and

pined away by slow degrees, losing his appetite and his sleep, till it

was thought his grief would kill him.

The king, when he had sent his queen to prison, commanded

Cleomenes and Dion, two Sicilian lords, to go to Delphos, there to

inquire of the oracle at the temple of Apollo, if his queen had been

unfaithful to him. When Hermione had been a short time in prison,

she was brought to bed of a daughter; and the poor lady received

much comfort from the sight of her pretty baby, and she said to it: 'My

poor little prisoner, I am as innocent as you are.'

Hermione had a kind friend in the noble-spirited Paulina, who was the

wife of Antigonus, a Sicilian lord; and when the lady Paulina heard

her royal mistress was brought to bed, she went to the prison where

Hermione was confined; and she said to Emilia, a lady who attended

upon Hermione: 'I pray you, Emilia, tell the good queen, if her majesty

dare trust me with her little babe, I will carry it to the king, its father;

we do not know how he may soften at the sight of his innocent child.'

'Most worthy madam,' replied Emilia, 'I will acquaint the queen with

your noble offer; she was wishing to-day that she had any friend who

would venture to present the child to the king.' 'And tell her,' said

Paulina, 'that I will speak boldly to Leontes in her defence.' 'May you

be for ever blessed,' said Emilia, 'for your kindness to our gracious

queen!' Emilia then went to Hermione, who joyfully gave up her baby

to the care of Paulina, for she had feared that no one would dare

venture to present the child to its father.

Paulina took the new-born infant, and forcing herself into the king's

presence, notwithstanding her husband, fearing the king's anger,

endeavoured to prevent her, she laid the babe at its father's feet, and

Paulina made a noble speech to the king in defence of Hermione, and

she reproached him severely for his inhumanity, and implored him to

have mercy on his innocent wife and child. But Paulina's spirited

remonstrances only aggravated Leontes' displeasure, and he ordered

her husband Antigonus to take her from his presence.

When Paulina went away, she left the little baby at its father's feet,

thinking when he was alone with it, he would look upon it, and have

pity on its helpless innocence.

The good Paulina was mistaken: for no sooner was she gone than the

merciless father ordered Antigonus, Paulina's husband, to take the

child, and carry it out to sea, and leave it upon some desert shore to

perish.

Antigonus, unlike the good Camillo, too well obeyed the orders of

Leontes; for he immediately carried the child on ship-board, and put

out to sea, intending to leave it on the first desert coast he could find.

So firmly was the king persuaded of the guilt of Hermione, that he

would not wait for the return of Cleomenes and Dion, whom he had

sent to consult the oracle of Apollo at Delphos; but before the queen

was recovered from her lying-in, and from her grief for the loss of her

precious baby, he had her brought to a public trial before all the lords

and nobles of his court. And when all the great lords, the judges, and

all the nobility of the land were assembled together to try Hermione,

and that unhappy queen was standing as a prisoner before her subjects

to receive their judgement Cleomenes and Dion entered the assembly,

and presented to the king the answer of the oracle, sealed up; and

Leontes commanded the seal to be broken, and the words of the oracle

to be read aloud, and these were the words: 'Hermione is innocent,

Polixenes blameless,-Camillo a true subject, Leontes a jealous tyrant,

and the king shall live without an heir if that which is lost be not

found.' The king would give no credit to the words of the oracle: he

said it was a falsehood invented by the queen's friends, and he desired

the judge to proceed in the trial of the queen; but while Leontes was

speaking, a man entered and told him that the prince Mamillius,

hearing his mother was to be tried for her life, struck with grief and

shame, had suddenly died.

Hermione, upon hearing of the death of this dear affectionate child,

who had lost his life in sorrowing for her misfortune, fainted; and

Leontes, pierced to the heart by the news, began to feel pity for his

unhappy queen, and he ordered Paulina, and the ladies who were her

attendants, to take her away, and use means for her recovery. Paulina

soon returned, and told the king that Hermione was dead.

When Leontes heard that the queen was dead, he repented of his

cruelty to her; and now that he thought his ill-usage had broken

Hermione's heart, he believed her innocent; and now he thought the

words of the oracle were true, as he knew 'if that which was lost was not found,'

which he concluded was his young daughter, he should be

without an heir, the young prince Mamillius being dead; and he would

give his kingdom now to recover his lost daughter: and Leontes gave

himself up to remorse, and passed many years in mournful thoughts

and repentant grief.

The ship in which Antigonus carried the infant princess out to sea was

driven by a storm upon the coast of Bohemia, the very kingdom of the

good king Polixenes. Here Antigonus landed, and here he left the little

baby.

Antigonus never returned to Sicily to tell Leontes where he had left

his daughter, for as he was going back to the ship, a bear came out of

the woods, and tore him to pieces; a just punishment on him for

obeying the wicked order of Leontes.

The child was dressed in rich clothes and jewels; for Hermione had

made it very fine when she sent it to Leontes, and Antigonus had

pinned a paper to its mantle, and the name of Perdita written thereon,

and words obscurely intimating its high birth and untoward fate.

This poor deserted baby was found by a shepherd. He was a humane

man, and so he carried the little Perdita home to his wife, who nursed

it tenderly; but poverty tempted the shepherd to conceal the rich prize

he had found: therefore he left that part of the country, that no one

might know where he got his riches, and with part of Perdita's jewels

he bought herds of sheep, and became a wealthy shepherd. He brought

up Perdita as his own child, and she knew not she was any other than

a shepherd's daughter.

The little Perdita grew up a lovely maiden; and though she had no

better education than that of a shepherd's daughter, yet so did the

natural graces she inherited from her royal mother shine forth in her

untutored mind, that no one from her behaviour would have known

she had not been brought up in her father's court.

Polixenes, the king of Bohemia, had an only son, whose name was

Florizel. As this young prince was hunting near the shepherd's

dwelling, he saw the old man's supposed daughter; and the beauty,

modesty, and queen-like deportment of Perdita caused him instantly

to fall in love with her. He soon, under the name of Doricles, and in

the disguise of a private gentleman, became a constant visitor at the

old shepherd's house. Florizel's frequent absences from court alarmed

Polixenes; and setting people to watch his son, he discovered his love

for the shepherd's fair daughter.

Polixenes then called for Camillo, the faithful Camillo, who had

preserved his life from the fury of Leontes, and desired that he would

accompany him to the house of the shepherd, the supposed father of

Perdita.

Polixenes and Camillo, both in disguise, arrived at the old shepherd's

dwelling while they were celebrating the feast of sheep-shearing; and

though they were strangers, yet at the sheep-shearing every guest

being made welcome, they were invited to walk in, and join in the

general

festivity.

Nothing but mirth and jollity was going forward. Tables were spread,

and great preparations were making for the rustic feast. Some lads and

lasses were dancing on the green before the house, while others of the

young men were buying ribands, gloves, and such toys, of a pedlar at

the door.

While this busy scene was going forward, Florizel and Perdita sat

quietly in a retired corner, seemingly more pleased with the

conversation of each other, than desirous of engaging in the sports and

silly amusements of those around them.

The king was so disguised that it was impossible his son could know

him: he therefore advanced near enough to hear the conversation. The

simple yet elegant manner in which Perdita conversed with his son did

not a little surprise Polixenes: he said to Camillo: 'This is the prettiest

low-born lass I ever saw; nothing she does or says but looks like

something greater than herself, too noble for this place.'

Pamillo replied: 'Indeed she is the very queen of curds and cream.'

'Pray, my good friend,' said the king to the old shepherd, ' what fair

swain is that talking with your daughter?' 'They call him Doricles,'

replied the shepherd. 'He says he loves my daughter; and, to speak

truth, there is not a kiss to choose which loves the other best. If young

Doricles can get her, she shall bring him that he little dreams of';

meaning the remainder of Perdita's jewels; which, after he had bought

herds of sheep with part of them, he had carefully hoarded up for her

marriage portion.

Polixenes then addressed his son. 'How now, young man!' said he:

'your heart seems full of something that takes off your mind from

feasting. When I was young, I used to load my love with presents; but

you have let the pedlar go, and have bought your lass no toy.'

The young prince, who little thought he was talking to the king his

father, replied: 'Old sir, she prizes not such trifles; the gifts which

Perdita expects from me are locked up in my heart.' Then turning to

Perdita, he said to her: 'O hear me, Perdita, before this ancient

gentleman, who it seems was once himself a lover; he shall hear what

I profess.' Florizel then called upon the old stranger to be a witness to

a solemn promise of marriage which he made to Perdita, saying to

Polixenes: 'I pray you, mark our contract.'

'Mark your divorce, young sir,' said the king, discovering himself.

Polixenes then reproached his son for daring to contract himself to

this low-born maiden, calling Perdita 'shepherd's brat, sheep-hook,'

and other disrespectful names; and threatening, if ever she suffered

his son to see her again, he would put her, and the old shepherd her

father, to a cruel death.

The king then left them in great wrath, and ordered Camillo to follow
him with prince Florizel.

When the king had departed, Perdita, whose royal nature was roused
by Polixenes' reproaches, said: 'Though we are all undone, I was not
much afraid; and once or twice I was about to speak, and tell him
plainly that the selfsame sun which shines upon his palace, hides not
his face from our cottage, but looks on both alike.' Then sorrowfully
she said: 'But now I am awakened from this dream, I will queen it no
further. Leave me, sir; I will go milk my ewes and weep.'

The kind-hearted Camillo was charmed with the spirit and propriety
of Perdita's behaviour; and perceiving that the young prince was too
deeply in love to give up his mistress at the command of his royal
father, he thought of a way to befriend the lovers, and at the same
time to execute a favourite scheme he had in his mind.

Camillo had long known that Leontes, the king of Sicily, was become
a true penitent; and though Camillo was now the favoured friend of
king Polixenes, he could not help wishing once more to see his late
royal master and his native home. He therefore proposed to Florizel
and Perdita that they should accompany him to the Sicilian court,
where he would engage Leontes should protect them, till, through his
mediation, they could obtain pardon from Polixenes, and his consent
to their marriage.

To this proposal they joyfully agreed; and Camillo, who conducted everything relative to their flight,
allowed the old shepherd to go along with them.The shepherd took with him the remainder of Perdita's jewels, her baby clothes, and the paper which he had found pinned to her mantle.

After a prosperous voyage, Florizel and Perdita, Camillo and the old
shepherd, arrived in safety at the court of Leontes. Leontes, who still
mourned his dead Hermione and his lost child, received Camillo with
great kindness, and gave a cordial welcome to prince Florizel. But
Perdita, whom Florizel introduced as his princess, seemed to engross
all Leontes' attention: perceiving a resemblance between her and his
dead queen Hermione, his grief broke out afresh, and he said, such a
lovely creature might his own daughter have been, if he had not so
cruelly destroyed her. 'And then, too,' said he to Florizel, 'I lost the
society and friendship of your grave father, whom I now desire more
than my life once again to look upon.'

When the old shepherd heard how much notice the king had taken of
Perdita, and that he had lost a daughter, who was exposed in infancy,
he fell to comparing the time when he found the little Perdita, with the
manner of its exposure, the jewels and other tokens of its high birth;
from all which it was impossible for him not to conclude that Perdita
and the king's lost daughter were the same.

Florizel and Perdita, Camillo and the faithful Paulina, were present
when the old shepherd related to the king the manner in which he had
found the child, and also the circumstance of Antigonus' death, he
having seen the bear seize upon him. He showed the rich mantle in
which Paulina remembered Hermione had wrapped the child; and he
produced a jewel which she remembered Hermione had tied about
Perdita's neck, and he gave up the paper which Paulina knew to be the
writing of her husband; it could not be doubted that Perdita was
Leontes' own daughter: but oh! the noble struggles of Paulina,
between sorrow for her husband's death, and joy that the oracle was
fulfilled, in the king's heir, his long-lost daughter being found. When
Leontes heard that Perdita was his daughter, the great sorrow that he
felt that Hermione was not living to behold her child, made him that
he could say nothing for a long time, but 'O thy mother, thy mother!'

Paulina interrupted this joyful yet distressful scene, with saying to
Leontes, that she had a statue newly finished by that rare Italian
master, Julio Romano, which was such a perfect resemblance of the
queen, that would his majesty be pleased to go to her house and look
upon it, he would be almost ready to think it was Hermione herself.

Thither then they all went; the king anxious to see the semblance of
his Hermione, and Perdita longing to behold what the mother she
never saw did look like.

When Paulina drew back the curtain which concealed this famous
statue, so perfectly did it resemble Hermione, that all the king's
sorrow was renewed at the sight: for a long time he had no power to
speak or move.

'I like your silence, my liege,' said Paulina, 'it the more shows your
wonder. Is not this statue very like your queen?'

At length the king said: 'O, thus she stood, even with such majesty,
when I first wooed her. But yet, Paulina, Hermione was not so aged as
this statue looks.' Paulina replied: 'So much the more the carver's
excellence, who has made the statue as Hermione would have looked
had she been living now. But let me draw the curtain, sire, lest
presently you think it moves.'

The king then said: 'Do not draw the curtain; would I were dead! See,
Camillo, would you not think it breathed? Her eye seems to have
motion in it.' 'I must draw the curtain, my liege,' said Paulina. 'You are
so transported, you will persuade yourself the statue lives.' 'O, sweet
Paulina,' said Leontes, 'make me think so twenty years together! Still
methinks there is an air comes from her. What fine chisel could ever
yet cut breath? Let no man mock me, for I will kiss her.' 'Good my
lord, forbear!' said Paulina. 'The ruddiness upon her lip is wet; you
will stain your own with oily painting. Shall I draw the curtain?' 'No,
not these twenty years,' said Leontes.

Perdita, who all this time had been kneeling, and beholding in silent
admiration the statue of her matchless mother, said now: 'And so long
could I stay here, looking upon my dear mother.'

'Either forbear this transport,' said Paulina to Leontes, 'and let me
draw the curtain; or prepare yourself for more amazement. I can make
the statue move indeed; ay, and descend from off the pedestal, and
take you by the hand. But then you will think, which I protest I am
not, that I am assisted by some wicked powers.'

'What you can make her do,' said the astonished king, 'I am content to
hear; for it is as easy to make her speak as move.'

Paulina then ordered some slow and solemn music, which she had
prepared for the purpose, to strike up; and, to the amazement of all the
beholders, the statue came down from off the pedestal, and threw its
arms around Leontes' neck. The statue then began to speak, praying
for blessings on her husband, and on her child, the newly-found
Perdita.

No wonder that the statue hung upon Leontes' neck, and blessed her
husband and her child. No wonder; for the statue was indeed
Hermione herself, the real, the living queen.

Paulina had falsely reported to the king the death of Hermione,
thinking that the only means to preserve her royal mistress's life; and
with the good Paulina, Hermione had lived ever since, never choosing
Leontes should know she was living, till she heard Perdita was found;
for though she had long forgiven the injuries which Leontes had done
to herself, she could not pardon his cruelty to his infant daughter.

His dead queen thus restored to life, his lost daughter found, the long-sorrowing
Leontes could scarcely support the excess of his own happiness.

Nothing but congratulations and affectionate speeches were heard on
all sides. Now the delighted parents thanked prince Florizel for loving
their lowly-seeming daughter; and now they blessed the good old
shepherd for preserving their child. Greatly did Camillo and Paulina
rejoice that they had lived to see so good an end of all their faithful
services.

And as if nothing should be wanting to complete this strange and
unlooked-for joy, king Polixenes himself now entered the palace.

When Polixenes first missed his son and Camillo, knowing that
Camillo had long wished to return to Sicily, he conjectured he should
find the fugitives here; and, following them with all speed, he
happened to just arrive at this, the happiest moment of Leontes' life.

Polixenes took a part in the general joy; he forgave his friend Leontes
the unjust jealousy he had conceived against him, and they once more
loved each other with all the warmth of their first boyish friendship.
And there was no fear that Polixenes would now oppose his son's
marriage with Perdita. She was no 'sheep-hook' now, but the heiress of
the crown of Sicily.

Thus have we seen the patient virtues of the long-suffering Hermione
rewarded. That excellent lady lived many years with her Leontes and
her Perdita, the happiest of mothers and of queens.

.....................................................The End...................................................


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